Strategic Interventions
Clean water and sanitation
Example of sanitation for all: School toilet (IPH school and college, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh)
SDG 6 is to: “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”.[45] The Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of WHO and UNICEF is responsible for monitoring progress to achieve the first two targets of this goal. Important indicators for this goal are the percentages of the population that uses safely managed drinking water, and has access to safely managed sanitation.
The JMP reported in 2017 that 4.5 billion people do not have safely managed sanitation.[46] Another indicator looks at the proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater that is safely treated.
This section is an excerpt from Sustainable Development Goal 6.[edit]
The six outcome targets include: Safe and affordable drinking water; end open defecation and provide access to sanitation, and hygiene, improve water quality, wastewater treatment and safe reuse, increase water-use efficiency and ensure freshwater supplies, implement IWRM, protect and restore water-related ecosystems. The two means of implementation targets[47] are to expand water and sanitation support to developing countries, and to support local engagement in water and sanitation management.[48]
Affordable and clean energy
Solar panels on house roof
SDG 7 is to: “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all”.[49] One of the indicators for this goal is the percentage of population with access to electricity (progress in expanding access to electricity has been made in several countries, notably India, Bangladesh, and Kenya[50]). Other indicators look at the renewable energy share and energy efficiency.
This section is an excerpt from Sustainable Development Goal 7.[edit]
The goal has five targets to be achieved by 2030.[51] Progress towards the targets is measured by six indicators.[51] Three out of the five targets are outcome targets: Universal access to modern energy; increase global percentage of renewable energy; double the improvement in energy efficiency.
The remaining two targets are means of implementation targets[52]: to promote access to research, technology and investments in clean energy; and expand and upgrade energy services for developing countries.
In other words, these targets include access to affordable and reliable energy while increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. They also focus on improving energy efficiency, international cooperation and investment in clean energy infrastructure.
Sustainable cities and communities
SDG 11 is to: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable”.[61] Important indicators for this goal are the number of people living in urban slums, the proportion of the urban population who has convenient access to public transport, and the extent of built-up area per person.[14]
This section is an excerpt from Sustainable Development Goal 11.[edit]
SDG 11 has 10 targets to be achieved, and this is being measured with 15 indicators. The seven outcome targets include safe and affordable housing, affordable and sustainable transport systems, inclusive and sustainable urbanization, protection of the world’s cultural and natural heritage, reduction of the adverse effects of natural disasters, reduction of the environmental impacts of cities and to provide access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces.
The three means of implementation targets[62] include strong national and regional development planning, implementing policies for inclusion, resource efficiency, and disaster risk reduction in supporting the least developed countries in sustainable and resilient building.[63][64]